一. 安装 Docker
下载 Docker Desktop 按提示进行安装。
安装完成后，打开Docker Desktop，选择Preferences，然后选择Docker Engine，加入下面国内镜像源，点击Apply & Restart。
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| {
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://mirror.baidubce.com",
"https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com",
"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
]
}
|
二. 安装 Kubernetes(可选)
注：如果是简单使用Docker，可跳过此步骤。
因为中国大陆网络限制的原因，直接Enable Kubernetes，会一直卡在starting的状态。
深坑：Kubernetes is starting
参考：k8s-for-docker-desktop 解决方案。
1、首先克隆仓库到本地。
2、终端打开k8s-for-docker-desktop目录，执行./load_images.sh 命令，等待完成。
3、打开Docker Desktop，选择Preferences，打开左侧Kubernetes,勾选Enable Kubernetes,点击Apply & Restart。等待完成。如果有弹窗，点击Install。
一. 初步使用 Docker
1.搜索镜像
docker search 关键字
示例
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| > docker search hello
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
hello-world Hello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz… 1379 [OK]
kitematic/hello-world-nginx A light-weight nginx container that demonstr… 148
tutum/hello-world Image to test docker deployments. Has Apache… 78 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 65 [OK]
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2.拉取镜像
docker pull 关键字
示例
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| > docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
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3.查看镜像
docker images 或 docker image ls
示例
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| > docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
jenkins/jenkins latest 0d3e7552f52a 7 days ago 721MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce 13.8.1-ce.0 404c168c204f 2 weeks ago 2.15GB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 4 weeks ago 133MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB
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4.删除镜像
docker image rm 镜像ID或镜像名 或 docker rmi 镜像ID或镜像名
示例
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| # 删除镜像
> docker image rm hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
Deleted: sha256:9c27e219663c25e0f28493790cc0b88bc973ba3b1686355f221c38a36978ac63
# 查看镜像
> docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
jenkins/jenkins latest 0d3e7552f52a 7 days ago 721MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce 13.8.1-ce.0 404c168c204f 2 weeks ago 2.15GB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 4 weeks ago 133MB
# 拉取镜像
> docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
# 查看镜像
> docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
jenkins/jenkins latest 0d3e7552f52a 7 days ago 721MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce 13.8.1-ce.0 404c168c204f 2 weeks ago 2.15GB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 4 weeks ago 133MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB
# 删除镜像
> docker rmi bf756fb1ae65
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
Deleted: sha256:9c27e219663c25e0f28493790cc0b88bc973ba3b1686355f221c38a36978ac63
# 查看镜像
> docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
jenkins/jenkins latest 0d3e7552f52a 7 days ago 721MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce 13.8.1-ce.0 404c168c204f 2 weeks ago 2.15GB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 4 weeks ago 133MB
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5.删除重复的镜像
docker rmi 镜像名:TAG
6.删除容器,删除之前需要停止容器，否则会报错
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| > docker rm gitlab
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 381f7be56483d7ae3ee2362c3c7e4d041d6dc5e08c368de65807f383c253c3f2. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
> docker stop gitlab
gitlab
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7.更新镜像
先拉取最新镜像，完成后查看镜像，其中一个TAG为<none>，把这个镜像删除即可。
如果有容器正在使用旧的镜像，删除是会报错的。需要先停止并删除容器，在删除镜像，使用新的镜像创建新的容器。
踩坑：
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| > docker search gitlab
Error response from daemon: Get https://index.docker.io/v1/search?q=gitlab&n=25: net/http: TLS handshake timeout
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如果已经配置registry-mirrors为国内镜像，仍然出现上面报错。尝试如下步骤:1.重启Docker 2.关闭终端 3.重新打开终端。